Tree Tomatoes Demystified: Expert Tips for Growing Tamarillo Successfully

The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum, formerly Cyphomandra betacea), also known as tamarillo, is a fast-growing subtropical fruit tree native to South America. It produces egg-shaped, tangy-sweet fruits that are rich in vitamins A, C, and antioxidants. Tree tomato farming is now an appealing business in Kenya. Tree tomato farming in Kenya allows farmers to participate in both local and international market. This subtropical fruit is in high demand by health enthusiasts and food processors. In Kenya, tree tomatoes grow best in Migori, Kisii, Meru, Embu, Murang’a, Laikipia, Western region and Nyeri. However, tree tomatoes have over time proven to be very adaptable and can survive in almost every region of Kenya under irrigation and other care practices like mulching. These regions have favorable climatic and soil conditions for cultivation. There is a good market for tree tomatoes and their juice which guarantees good returns for both small-scale and commercial farmers. This guide prepared by Seed Farm Kenya covers everything you need to know about successfully growing tree tomatoes, from planting to harvesting.

Understanding Tree Tomatoes

Tree tomatoes, also known as Tamarillo, are small, woody plants from the nightshade family. Unlike regular tomatoes that grow on vines, tree tomatoes take the form of small trees or bushes. They can grow between 2 to 5 meters tall. Their shallow roots often need support, such as staking or windbreaks, especially in windy conditions.

Plant Characteristics:

Tree tomato usually grows as a woody perennial tree reaching 2-5 meters in height.

It features large, soft leaves with a distinctive aroma when crushed.

Tree tomato normally produces pink to light-purple self-pollinating flowers.

Tree tomato develops oval-shaped fruits (4-10 cm long) in various colors from red to yellow.

It contains juicy, seed-filled pulp with edible but firm seeds.

There are several tree tomato varieties, differing in fruit color and flavor:

Red Tamarillo: This is the most popular variety in Kenya. It has a deep red skin and bright orange-red flesh, with a tangy, slightly sweet taste. People often eat it fresh, or use it for juice, jams, and sauces. The red tree tomato is valued for its high juice content and vibrant colour.

Yellow Tamarillo: This variety bears yellow or golden fruits. Its taste is milder and sweeter than the red type. With softer skin and lower acidity, it’s perfect for salads and fresh eating. Though less common, it has a growing market among health-conscious consumers.

Purple/Black Tamarillo: This rare variety features dark purple skin with a deep red interior. Its unique, slightly tart flavor is rich in antioxidants. Grown mainly for niche markets, it’s sought after by specialty fruit processors.

Orange Tree Tomato: The orange variety offers a balance between sweet and tangy flavors. It’s great for juices, smoothies, and eating fresh. High in vitamin C, it appeals to many looking for nutritious options.

Select a variety based on your climate and taste preference.

Key Growth Features of Tree Tomato:

It matures quickly, bearing fruit within 8-12 months after planting

Usually maintains productivity for 6-12 years

It reaches peak production during years 4-6

Requires staking or windbreaks due to shallow root system

Ecological Conditions for Growing Tree Tomatoes

Soil Type and PH

Tree tomatoes thrive in well-drained soils with a loamy texture. The ideal soil PH range is 5.5 to 7.0. Conducting a soil test before planting is critical to ensure that the soil is conducive to the plant’s growth. If the PH is too low, agricultural lime can be applied to raise it. Avoid heavy clay or waterlogged soils.

Pro Tip: Seed Farm Kenya is always on a mission which is output and profit maximization for the farmers and as such, we will always ensure a proper soil test for nutrients and PH is conducted then our experts will provide advice afterwards depending on the outcome of the test results.

Altitude

Tree tomatoes perform best in altitudes between 1,500 to 3,000 meters above sea level. These elevations offer the optimal temperature range (10°C to 26°C) and climate conditions required for the plants to flourish.

Rainfall

Tree tomatoes require consistent moisture but cannot tolerate waterlogging. Areas with an annual rainfall of 800-1,200 mm are ideal. Supplementary irrigation is necessary during dry spells to maintain soil moisture.

Propagation and Planting

Tree tomatoes can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, or by grafting with each having its benefits.

Seed Propagation

Extract seeds from ripe tree tomatoes. Ferment them in water for 2-3 days to remove the coating.

Rinse and dry the seeds in the shade for 1-2 days before planting.

Sow seeds in a nursery bed or seedling trays. Use a well-draining soil mix of loam, compost, and sand.

Water regularly and keep the nursery shaded. Seeds germinate in 2-3 weeks.

Transplant seedlings when they are 20-30 cm tall, about 2-3 months old.

Cuttings Propagation

This method produces faster-maturing plants that retain parent traits compared to seed propagation

Select healthy, semi-hardwood cuttings, about 1-1.5 meters long, with 3-4 nodes.

Remove excess leaves and plant in moist, well-draining soil or a nursery. After 4-6 weeks, rooting should occur.

Transplant rooted cuttings to the main field.

Grafting

The grafted variety is diseases resistant and drought resistant and at Seed Farm Kenya, we supply the best quality certified seedlings that are grafted using a drought resistant hardy rootstock called “Muthakwa Tree”. Seedlings are fast maturing, drought resistant and produce at a rate that leaves farmers amazed.

Step-by-Step Guide to Planting Tree Tomatoes

Land Preparation

Clear the Land: This is meant to remove all weeds, shrubs, and other debris from the planting area.

Plow and Harrow: Ensure the soil is fine-textured for easy root penetration.

Digging Holes

Hole Dimensions: Dig holes measuring 60 cm by 60 cm.

Spacing: Maintain a spacing of 3 meters by 2 meters. This spacing allows for 1,200 plants per acre. This allows for good air, sunlight, and easy management.

Soil Mixing: Mix the topsoil with 20 kg of well-decomposed manure and 200 grams of DAP fertilizer per hole.

Planting the Seedlings

Gently remove the seedling from its nursery bag, taking care not to damage the roots. Place the seedling upright in the hole and cover it with the prepared soil mixture. Firm the soil around the base of the seedling to ensure stability. Water thoroughly to help the plant establish quickly.

Mulching

Apply organic mulch around the base of each plant to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Organic mulches such as dry grass, straw, or leaves are very helpful because they lower the frequency of irrigation because they help to retain soil moisture, minimize competition by making it harder for weeds to grow and aid in the health of the soil by supplying organic matter and nutrients.

Irrigation

Tree tomatoes require consistent watering, especially during the first year. Drip irrigation is recommended for water efficiency and uniform moisture distribution. Do not over water as it can lead to rotting of the roots.

Field Management Practices

Weeding

Weeds will always compete for water, nutrients, and sunlight. Hence weeding is something that needs doing regularly. Manual or shallow hoeing weeding is best as this does not disturb the plants roots.

Mulching

Organic mulches such as dry grass, straw, or leaves are very helpful because they lower the frequency of irrigation because they help to retain soil moisture, minimize competition by making it harder for weeds to grow and aid in the health of the soil by supplying organic matter and nutrients.

Irrigation

Soft-fleshed tomatoes require humidity throughout, particularly in dry seasons. Drip irrigation is the ideal solution as it alleviates overwatering and soil erosion. For dry seasons, watering the plants twice a week is sufficient. Do not over water as it can lead to rotting of the roots.

Pruning

Pruning increases the size of fruit on the tree tomatoes and improves some aspects of health for the tree by:

Cutting off weak, overcrowded or diseased branches.

Allowing healthy new shoots to grow, leading to better yields.

Increasing the amount of light and air that can get to the tree.

Support Structures (Staking)

Given that tree tomatoes carry heavy bushels of fruit, there is the chance of branches breaking. It is important farmers use stakes or trellises, especially when in high wind zones or high production farms.

Fertilization

Apply a balanced fertilizer (NPK 20:20:20) every three months. Top-dress with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) during the flowering and fruiting stages to enhance productivity.

Pest & Disease Control

Common Pests

Aphids: sap-sucking tiny insects that curl leaves while stunting the growth of plants.

Whiteflies: These sap-feeding pests damage plants immensely, and can also spread viral contamination.

Nematodes: These minute size worms attack roots which increases the chances of wilting while simultaneously decline the intake of nutrients.

Major Diseases

Powdery Mildew: This fungal infection reduces the rate of photosynthesis due to the white patches that form on top of the leaves.

Blight: Blight results in sunken dark spots on stems while leads to defoliation of plants and rotting of the fruits.

Mosaic Virus: Yields are affected as this virus causes plants to grow yellowish leaves, with a curvy shape alongside retarded stem growth.

Prevention and Control

Regular Monitoring: plants need to be looked after regularly with a focus on pest or disease infestation.

Biological Control: Unwanted pests, like aphids, can be eaten by ladybugs, making them useful insects. You can also use traps and bagging fruits for fruit flies and white flies.

Organic Methods: Using pest deterrents like garlic spray and neem oil serves the purpose effectively.

Field Hygiene: Destroy plants that have been infected to restrict the chances of pest infestation and improving drainage will help in reducing some diseases like root rot.

Pesticide Use: Insectifing and Fungifuing the crops with pesticides is only essential when the infestation is at it’s peak. The use is advised to be supervised with safe agricultural procedures.

Harvesting Tree Tomatoes

Harvesting tree tomatoes is usually done after 1-2 years, a period within which the plants are expected to have matured. Fruits turning deep red/yellow and slightly soft is an indication that your fruits have achieved full maturity and are ready to be harvested. Fruits typically mature 5-6 months after flowering. Harvest when 75% of the fruit shows color change.

Identifying Nutrient Deficiencies

As you monitor your plants regularly, it is important to note some changes which may indicate nutrient deficiency and act fast to avoid heavy losses. Some of the indications of nutrient deficiencies include:

Nitrogen deficiency: Yellowing of older leaves

Phosphorus deficiency: Purple coloration on leaves

Potassium deficiency: Brown leaf edges

Calcium deficiency: Blossom end rot in fruits

Quick correction through appropriate foliar feeds

Challenges and Solutions in Tree Tomato Farming

High Water Demand

Tree tomatoes are heavy feeders of water and require consistent moisture throughout their growth cycle. Irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation, are necessary, particularly during dry seasons, which increases production costs.

Dependence on Chemical Inputs

These plants require regular applications of fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides to achieve optimal yields. The high dependency on chemical inputs can lead to increased production expenses and potential environmental concerns if not managed properly.

High Maintenance Requirements

Tree tomatoes demand regular care, including pruning, staking, and pest management. The intensive labor required for these tasks may be a challenge for farmers without adequate resources or time.

Susceptibility to Diseases and Pests

Tree tomatoes are prone to various diseases and pests, which can significantly reduce yields if not controlled promptly. Effective disease and pest management often require expertise and timely interventions, adding to the complexity of cultivation.

Market Fluctuations

The profitability of tree tomato farming depends heavily on market prices, which can fluctuate due to oversupply or other market dynamics. Farmers need to plan for these uncertainties by exploring value addition or diversifying their markets.

Economic Potential and Market Opportunities

Tree tomato farming is becoming a very profitable business in Kenya. This is due to the high demand for fresh fruit, processed products, and exports. With good farm management and marketing, farmers can earn a steady, high income. Tree tomatoes sell for Ksh 70–150 per kg, depending on the market and location. A well-managed tree produces 20–30 kg each year. An acre can hold 1,000 trees, yielding up to 30,000 kg per season. This means potential annual earnings of Ksh 2.1 million to Ksh 4.5 million per acre. Farmers can boost profits by selling in off-peak seasons. Prices are higher then due to lower supply. Organic tree tomatoes also fetch premium prices, as health-conscious consumers prefer them.

Tree tomatoes have several key markets:

Local Markets: They are sold in supermarkets, fresh produce stores, and open-air markets.

Juice and Food Processing Industry: They are used to make fresh juices, jams, chutneys, and sauces.

Export Market: Kenya exports to Uganda, Tanzania, the Middle East, and Europe, where demand is growing.

Hotels and Restaurants: High-end venues use them in salads, juice blends, and gourmet dishes.

Processing tree tomatoes into juices, jams, sauces, and dried fruit slices boosts profits. Value-added products last longer and sell for higher prices. This reduces post-harvest losses and increases revenue.

Health Benefits of Tree Tomato (Tamarillo)

The tree tomato (tamarillo) is not only delicious but also packed with essential nutrients, antioxidants, and medicinal properties. Here’s a detailed look at its health benefits:

Rich in Essential Nutrients

Tamarillos are low in calories (about 40 kcal per 100g) but high in:

Vitamin C (boosts immunity, skin health)

Vitamin A (supports vision and immune function)

Vitamin E (antioxidant, promotes skin health)

Potassium (regulates blood pressure)

Fiber (aids digestion, prevents constipation)

Iron (helps prevent anemia)

Magnesium & Calcium (supports bone health)

Powerful Antioxidant Properties

Tree tomato contains anthocyanins, flavonoids, and carotenoids, which fight free radicals (linked to aging and chronic diseases) and also helps reduce oxidative stress, lowering the risk of cancer and heart disease.

Boosts Immune System

Tree tomato has high vitamin C content strengthens immunity and also exhibits antimicrobial properties which help fight infections.

Supports Heart Health

Tree tomato contains potassium which helps regulate blood pressure, dietary fiber which reduces bad cholesterol (LDL) and antioxidants prevent artery damage.

Aids Digestion & Weight Management

High fiber content in tree tomatoes promotes gut health and prevents constipation while low-calorie and high-water content make it great for weight loss diets.

Improves Eye Health

Tree tomatoes are rich in vitamin A and carotenoids, which prevent macular degeneration and night blindness.

May Help Control Diabetes

Tree tomato has low glycemic index (GI), meaning it doesn’t spike blood sugar and fiber which helps regulate glucose absorption.

Grow Success with Tree Tomatoes!

Why wait? Tree tomato farming is profitable, sustainable, and easy! With fast growth, high yields, and strong market demand, tamarillos are the perfect crop for small farms and home gardens.

Why Choose Us?
Premium, disease-resistant seedlings for the best harvest.
Expert guidance to ensure your farming success.
High-profit potential—sell fresh fruits, juices, or value-added products!

Start Your Tree Tomato Journey Today!
Call +254 712 075915 to order your seedlings and unlock a thriving agribusiness!

“Plant today, harvest tomorrow—nature’s gold at your fingertips